Ingredients

admin2025-06-05T10:54:08+01:00

Ingredients	Source	Key Benefits
AQUA (Water)	Purified or deionized water.	Acts as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients. Provides initial hydration and helps spread product evenly. Enhances absorption of active ingredients into the skin.
BUTYLENE GLYCOL	Synthetic, often derived from petroleum or sugarcane fermentation.	Functions as a humectant, attracting and retaining moisture. Acts as a solvent to improve the penetration of other ingredients. Improves texture and spreadability of the product. Has mild antimicrobial properties that help preserve formulations.
SQUALANE	Originally from shark liver, now more commonly from plant-based sources like olive oil, sugarcane, or rice bran.	Deep moisturizer that mimics the skin’s natural sebum. Helps strengthen the skin barrier. Non-comedogenic (won’t clog pores). Offers antioxidant protection and can soothe inflammation. Suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin.
TREHALOSE	Naturally found in plants, mushrooms, and insects; industrially extracted from corn starch.	A sugar-based humectant that helps retain moisture. Provides antioxidant protection, especially under stress (UV, dehydration, pollution). Helps stabilize cell membranes and protects skin from dehydration and oxidative stress.
BETAINE	Derived from sugar beets, also found in spinach, wheat bran, and shellfish.	Acts as a natural humectant and osmolyte, helping maintain skin hydration. Reduces skin irritation and supports the skin barrier. Has anti-inflammatory and anti-wrinkle properties. Helps balance skin’s water-oil levels.
NIACINAMIDE (Vitamin B3)	Synthetically produced or derived from niacin-rich foods like yeast, green vegetables, or grains.	Brightens skin tone and fades hyperpigmentation. Regulates sebum production, making it ideal for oily or acne-prone skin. Enhances skin barrier function by boosting ceramide production. Offers anti-inflammatory effects and reduces redness or sensitivity. Improves fine lines, elasticity, and overall skin texture.
LARIX SIBIRICA WOOD EXTRACT (Siberian Larch Extract)	Extracted from the wood of the Siberian larch tree (Larix sibirica), native to Siberia.	Rich in polyphenols and flavonoids with antioxidant properties. Helps brighten skin tone by reducing melanin production (often used for its skin-lightening effects). Offers anti-inflammatory and soothing benefits. May strengthen the skin barrier and improve elasticity.
CHRYSANTHELLUM INDICUM EXTRACT (Golden Chamomile Extract)	Extracted from the Chrysanthellum indicum plant, a flowering herb in the Asteraceae family.	Anti-inflammatory and calming, great for sensitive or reactive skin. Rich in flavonoids and saponins, which provide antioxidant protection. Supports skin capillary strength, reducing the appearance of redness or broken capillaries (good for rosacea-prone skin). Helps with skin resilience under stress or environmental damage.
RHEUM PALMATUM ROOT/STALK EXTRACT (Chinese Rhubarb Extract)	Derived from the root and stalk of Rheum palmatum, also known as Chinese rhubarb.	Known for its antibacterial and astringent properties. Can help balance oil production, making it beneficial for oily or acne-prone skin. Contains anthraquinones which may have anti-inflammatory and detoxifying effects. Traditionally used to support skin clarity and calm irritations.
PAPAVER RHOEAS FLOWER EXTRACT (Red Poppy Flower Extract)	Extracted from the flowers of the red poppy (Papaver rhoeas).	Provides soothing and calming effects, ideal for sensitive or stressed skin. Contains polysaccharides and anthocyanins that help retain moisture and provide antioxidant defense. Has mild anti-inflammatory effects and can support skin regeneration. Traditionally known for its softening and smoothing properties.
OAK ROOT EXTRACT (Likely from Quercus spp.)	Typically derived from the roots of oak trees, most often Quercus robur or Quercus alba.	Rich in tannins, offering astringent and pore-tightening properties. Helps soothe inflammation and reduce redness or irritation. Can aid in balancing oil and improving the appearance of pores. Offers antioxidant protection from environmental stressors.
POLYGONUM HYDROPIPER EXTRACT	Derived from Polygonum hydropiper, commonly known as Water Pepper or Smartweed. It is a flowering plant found in wet habitats.	Anti-inflammatory: Helps calm irritated or inflamed skin. Astringent: Can tighten pores and reduce excess oil. Antioxidant: Protects against free radical damage. Soothing effect: Useful in treating redness and sensitivity.
ILLICIUM VERUM (ANISE) FRUIT EXTRACT	Extracted from the fruit of the Illicium verum tree, commonly known as Star Anise, native to Southeast Asia.	Antibacterial & Antifungal: Helps reduce acne-causing bacteria and maintain skin hygiene. Antioxidant: Offers protection from environmental damage. Skin toning: Can help improve skin texture and tone. Mild fragrance: Often used for its natural aromatic qualities.
CORYDALIS TURTSCHANINOVII ROOT EXTRACT	Derived from the root of Corydalis turtschaninovii, a traditional herb used in East Asian medicine.	Anti-inflammatory: Soothes skin and reduces redness or irritation. Circulation-boosting: May help improve microcirculation, promoting healthier-looking skin. Antioxidant: Fights oxidative stress. Analgesic properties: Can reduce discomfort or sensitivity on the skin.
COPTIS JAPONICA ROOT EXTRACT	From the root of Coptis japonica, also known as Japanese Goldthread. It’s rich in berberine, a bioactive compound.	Antibacterial & Antifungal: Excellent for acne-prone or troubled skin. Anti-inflammatory: Reduces irritation and calms the skin. Sebum control: Helps regulate oil production. Brightening effect: Can improve skin clarity and even out skin tone.
MAGNOLIA OFFICINALIS BARK EXTRACT	Obtained from the bark of the Magnolia officinalis tree, a traditional medicinal plant in Chinese medicine.	Anti-inflammatory: Helps reduce skin redness and sensitivity. Antioxidant: Protects the skin from environmental damage and aging. Antimicrobial: Helps prevent bacterial breakouts. Anti-aging: Contains magnolol and honokiol, compounds known to inhibit collagen degradation.
1,2-HEXANEDIOL	Synthetic (commonly derived from petrochemicals or sugar-based fermentation).	Humectant: Attracts and retains moisture in the skin. Emollient: Helps soften and smooth the skin. Preservative Booster: Enhances the effectiveness of preservatives, helping products remain stable and free of microbial growth. Mild Antimicrobial: Offers some protection against bacteria and fungi, improving product safety.
ORYZA SATIVA (RICE) EXTRACT	Derived from rice (usually rice bran or rice water), a staple grain in many Asian countries.	Brightening: Rich in antioxidants like ferulic acid and gamma-oryzanol, it helps even out skin tone and reduce dullness. Soothing: Calms irritated or sensitive skin. Moisturizing: Contains starches and polysaccharides that help the skin retain moisture. Anti-aging: Protects skin from oxidative stress and promotes smoother, more elastic skin.
PHRAGMITES COMMUNIS EXTRACT (Common Reed Extract)	Extracted from Phragmites australis, a type of wetland grass (common reed).	Anti-inflammatory: Reduces skin irritation and redness. Barrier Repair: Strengthens the skin’s natural barrier function. Soothing: Often used in formulations for sensitive or stressed skin to calm discomfort. Antioxidant: Helps protect the skin from environmental damage.
ZEA MAYS (CORN) SILK EXTRACT	Extracted from the silky threads of corn (Zea mays) husks.	Soothing: Contains flavonoids and tannins that help reduce inflammation and calm the skin. Antioxidant: Protects skin from oxidative stress. Moisturizing: Helps maintain skin hydration and softness. Sebum Regulation: May help in balancing oil production, making it suitable for acne-prone or oily skin types.
MALVA SYLVESTRIS (MALLOW) FLOWER/LEAF/STEM EXTRACT	Derived from the mallow plant, including its flowers, leaves, and stems.	Hydrating: Contains mucilage (a gel-like substance) that deeply hydrates and soothes dry skin. Anti-inflammatory: Reduces redness and irritation, ideal for sensitive or reactive skin. Softening: Leaves skin feeling smooth and nourished. Antioxidant: Helps defend against environmental stressors and signs of aging.
ALOE BARBADENSIS EXTRACT	Derived from the leaves of the Aloe vera plant (Aloe barbadensis miller), a succulent native to arid climates.	Hydration: Provides deep moisture without greasiness. Soothing: Calms irritated, inflamed, or sunburned skin. Healing: Promotes skin repair and wound healing. Antioxidant: Contains vitamins A, C, and E to help fight free radicals. Anti-inflammatory: Reduces redness and swelling in sensitive or acne-prone skin.
GLYCERIN	A humectant typically derived from plant oils (e.g., palm, soy, or coconut) or synthesized from vegetable fats.	Moisturizing: Attracts water to the skin, keeping it hydrated and plump. Barrier Support: Helps strengthen the skin’s natural protective barrier. Smoothening: Improves skin texture and suppleness. Non-comedogenic: Suitable for all skin types, including oily and acne-prone skin.
CENTELLA ASIATICA EXTRACT	Extracted from the leaves and stems of the Centella asiatica plant (also known as Gotu Kola), native to Asia.	Wound Healing: Speeds up skin regeneration and tissue repair. Soothing: Reduces redness, irritation, and inflammation. Anti-aging: Stimulates collagen production, improving elasticity and firmness. Antioxidant: Protects against environmental damage and free radicals.
GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA (LICORICE) ROOT EXTRACT	Obtained from the root of the Licorice plant (Glycyrrhiza glabra), native to Europe and Asia.	Brightening: Helps fade dark spots and hyperpigmentation. Anti-inflammatory: Soothes irritated or sensitive skin (great for rosacea or eczema). Antioxidant: Neutralizes free radicals and helps prevent premature aging. Oil control: May help regulate sebum production in oily skin types.
POLYGONUM CUSPIDATUM ROOT EXTRACT	Derived from the root of Japanese Knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum), a plant native to East Asia.	Antioxidant: Rich in resveratrol, a powerful compound that protects skin from oxidative stress. Anti-aging: Reduces fine lines and improves skin firmness. Anti-inflammatory: Calms redness and reduces swelling, beneficial for acne and sensitivity. Brightening: May improve overall skin tone and reduce dullness.
CAMELLIA SINENSIS LEAF EXTRACT	Derived from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant, commonly known as the tea plant (used for green, black, and white tea).	Antioxidant: Rich in polyphenols (especially EGCG) that neutralize free radicals and protect against environmental damage. Anti-inflammatory: Soothes irritated or sensitive skin. Anti-aging: Helps reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by protecting collagen. Antibacterial: Assists in managing acne by controlling bacteria on the skin.
CHAMOMILLA RECUTITA (MATRICARIA) FLOWER EXTRACT	Extracted from the flowers of Chamomilla recutita, commonly known as German chamomile.	Soothing: Calms irritated and sensitive skin, reducing redness and inflammation. Antibacterial & Anti-inflammatory: Helps in treating minor wounds, acne, and eczema. Antioxidant: Protects skin from oxidative stress. Moisturizing: Enhances skin’s moisture retention and barrier function.
ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS (ROSEMARY) LEAF EXTRACT	Derived from the leaves of the rosemary herb (Rosmarinus officinalis).	Antioxidant: Protects skin from free radical damage. Antimicrobial: Helps combat acne-causing bacteria and reduces breakouts. Astringent: Tones the skin and reduces excess oil production. Circulation-boosting: Improves blood flow, which may enhance skin radiance and healing.
SCUTELLARIA BAICALENSIS ROOT EXTRACT	Derived from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis, also known as Baikal skullcap, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb.	Potent Antioxidant: Contains flavonoids like baicalin that protect skin from environmental stress. Anti-inflammatory: Reduces redness, irritation, and sensitivity. Brightening: Helps improve skin tone and reduces hyperpigmentation. Anti-aging: Protects collagen and promotes skin firmness.
ETHYLHEXYLGLYCERIN	A synthetic compound derived from glycerin (often plant-based, e.g., coconut or palm oil).	Skin-conditioning agent: Softens and smooths the skin. Mild preservative booster: Enhances the effectiveness of preservatives like phenoxyethanol. Antimicrobial: Prevents the growth of odor-causing bacteria. Non-irritating alternative to parabens: Suitable for sensitive skin formulations.
ALOE BARBADENSIS LEAF WATER	Extracted from the inner fillet (gel) of the Aloe vera plant’s leaves. Aloe leaf water is the watery part, rich in polysaccharides and nutrients.	Hydrating: Delivers lightweight moisture to the skin. Soothing: Calms irritation, inflammation, and redness (great for sensitive or sunburned skin). Healing: Helps repair damaged skin and accelerates wound healing. Antioxidant: Contains vitamins C and E that combat free radical damage.
SOLUBLE COLLAGEN	Derived from animal sources (like fish or bovine), though some lab-created versions exist. Soluble collagen is hydrolyzed to make it more bioavailable.	Moisture Retention: Forms a film on the skin, helping to lock in moisture. Firming & Smoothing: Temporarily improves skin elasticity and reduces the appearance of fine lines. Skin Conditioning: Enhances overall texture and plumpness.
SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS (JOJOBA) SEED OIL	Cold-pressed from the seeds of the jojoba plant, native to North America. Technically a liquid wax ester, not a true oil.	Moisturizing: Mimics skin’s natural sebum, making it ideal for balancing oil production. Non-comedogenic: Absorbs easily without clogging pores. Anti-inflammatory: Calms irritated or acne-prone skin. Antioxidant: Rich in vitamin E, protecting against oxidative damage.
CETEARYL ALCOHOL	A fatty alcohol derived from coconut or palm oil (sometimes synthetic), composed of cetyl and stearyl alcohols.	Emollient: Softens and smooths the skin. Stabilizer: Helps stabilize emulsions (oil + water mixtures). Thickener: Improves texture and consistency of creams. Non-irritating: Unlike drying alcohols, it’s skin-friendly and hydrating.
FIBRONECTIN	A glycoprotein naturally found in the human extracellular matrix. In skincare, it’s either recombinant (lab-made) or extracted from animal tissues.	Skin Repair: Supports cell adhesion and tissue regeneration. Anti-aging: Promotes fibroblast activity and collagen production. Wound Healing: Aids in skin barrier recovery and improves healing. Firmness: Helps maintain skin structure and resilience.
HYDROXYPROPYL TETRAHYDROPYRANTRIOL	Synthetic derivative of a sugar alcohol (typically derived from xylose, a plant sugar). Developed by L’Oréal and often marketed under the name Pro-Xylane.	Anti-aging: Improves skin firmness and elasticity by stimulating glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis, which helps retain water in the skin. Hydration: Enhances the skin’s ability to retain moisture. Plumping effect: Reduces the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
HYDROLYZED HYALURONIC ACID	Derived from hyaluronic acid, which is naturally found in the body; hydrolyzed to break down into smaller molecules for better skin penetration.	Deep hydration: Penetrates the skin better than regular HA to deliver moisture into deeper layers. Skin smoothing: Improves skin texture and elasticity. Plumps the skin, reducing the look of fine lines and dryness.
BIFIDA FERMENT FILTRATE	A probiotic ingredient derived from the fermentation of Bifida bacteria, commonly used in fermented foods like yogurt.	Strengthens skin barrier: Helps protect the skin from environmental stressors. Reduces sensitivity: Soothes and calms irritated or sensitive skin. Anti-aging: Promotes skin repair and improves resilience over time. Commonly found in products like Essence (e.g., Estée Lauder, Missha).
PENTYLENE GLYCOL	Synthetic, but also found in sugarcane and corn-derived sources (bio-based options exist).	Humectant: Attracts and retains moisture in the skin. Solvent: Helps dissolve and stabilize other ingredients. Antimicrobial: Offers mild preservation effects to prevent product spoilage.
PROPYLENE GLYCOL	Synthetic, derived from petroleum or plant-based sources like corn glucose.	Humectant: Helps draw moisture into the skin. Penetration enhancer: Increases the absorption of active ingredients. Solvent: Keeps ingredients evenly distributed in formulations.
HYDROXYACETOPHENONE	A synthetic antioxidant derived from acetophenone derivatives. Sometimes sourced or synthesized from natural phenolic compounds.	Acts as a powerful antioxidant, protecting skin from oxidative stress caused by UV rays and pollution. Helps to stabilize formulations by preventing oxidation of other ingredients. Soothes skin and reduces inflammation. Supports skin barrier function and helps reduce signs of aging.
PAPAVERRHOEAS FLOWER EXTRACT	Extracted from the flower of Papaver rhoeas (commonly known as the common poppy).	Rich in flavonoids and antioxidants that protect skin from free radical damage. Calming and anti-inflammatory properties, suitable for sensitive or irritated skin. Helps to soothe redness and promote skin comfort. May contribute to hydration and skin softening.
PROPANEDIOL	Typically derived from corn sugar fermentation (natural origin), or synthetically produced. Often used as a greener, more skin-friendly alternative to propylene glycol.	Acts as a humectant, drawing moisture into the skin for hydration. Enhances penetration of active ingredients, improving formulation efficacy. Provides a smooth, non-sticky texture to products. Generally gentle and well-tolerated by all skin types.
HYDROLYZED GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS	Derived from natural sources such as animal cartilage or microbial fermentation, then hydrolyzed to smaller molecular fragments.	Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are essential components of the skin’s extracellular matrix, helping maintain moisture and elasticity. Hydrolyzed form penetrates skin better, delivering hydration and plumping effects. Supports skin repair and regeneration. Helps reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by improving skin firmness.
SODIUM HYALURONATE	Sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, typically produced by bacterial fermentation or extracted from rooster combs.	Exceptional humectant that can hold up to 1000 times its weight in water, providing intense hydration. Improves skin elasticity and suppleness. Helps to smooth and plump the skin, reducing fine lines. Supports skin barrier function and promotes healing. Lightweight and suitable for all skin types, including oily and sensitive skin.
SODIUM HYALURONATE CROSSPOLYMER	Derived from hyaluronic acid through crosslinking (usually with a crosslinking agent like divinyl sulfone) to create a 3D polymer network.	Forms a long-lasting, moisture-retaining film on the skin. Offers extended hydration compared to regular sodium hyaluronate. Helps smooth and plump the skin by preventing water loss. Provides a cushioning effect that supports skin elasticity.
HYDROLYZED SODIUM HYALURONATE	Created by enzymatic or acid hydrolysis of sodium hyaluronate into low molecular weight fragments.	Penetrates deeper into the skin due to smaller molecular size. Provides intense hydration at the lower layers of the stratum corneum. Supports skin repair and regeneration. Improves skin texture and suppleness from within.
HYDROXYPROPYLTRIMONIUM HYALURONATE	A cationic (positively charged) derivative of hyaluronic acid, chemically modified to enhance adherence to skin and hair.	Clings to the skin and hair due to positive charge, enhancing long-lasting moisturization. Leaves a silky, smooth feel on the skin. Adds conditioning benefits—popular in both skincare and hair care. Helps protect skin barrier by forming a lightweight, breathable film.
HYALURONIC ACID	Naturally found in the human body, especially in connective tissues. In skincare, it’s typically produced via fermentation of Streptococcus zooepidemicus or other safe bacteria.	Known for its exceptional water-binding capacity (holds up to 1000x its weight in water). Provides surface-level hydration and skin plumping. Reduces the appearance of fine lines and dryness. Supports a healthy skin barrier and enhances elasticity.
SODIUM ACETYLATED HYALURONATE	Modified form of sodium hyaluronate with acetyl groups added to improve lipophilicity (oil affinity) and skin affinity.	Offers stronger and longer-lasting hydration than standard HA. Has a greater affinity for the skin, improving absorption and retention. Provides anti-pollution and anti-irritation benefits. Helps skin feel more resilient and protected against environmental stressors.
BAKUCHIOL	Derived from the seeds and leaves of the Psoralea corylifolia plant, commonly known as Babchi, native to India and Sri Lanka.	Natural Retinol Alternative: Offers similar anti-aging effects as retinol without the irritation (e.g., redness, peeling). Anti-Aging: Helps reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by boosting collagen production. Antioxidant: Protects skin from free radical damage. Anti-Inflammatory: Soothes irritated or sensitive skin, making it suitable for acne-prone or sensitive skin types. Brightening: Improves skin tone and reduces hyperpigmentation.
AVENA SATIVA (OAT) EXTRACT	Extracted from oats, specifically the Avena sativa plant.	Soothing: Calms itching, redness, and irritation (especially good for eczema or rosacea). Moisturizing: Contains polysaccharides and lipids that help lock in moisture. Anti-Inflammatory: Reduces skin inflammation and is safe for sensitive skin. Antioxidant: Contains avenanthramides, which protect against oxidative stress. Skin Barrier Support: Helps restore the skin’s natural protective barrier.
PHENOXYETHANOL	A synthetically produced glycol ether, though it is found in trace amounts in green tea.	Preservative: Prevents microbial growth in cosmetic products, ensuring safety and shelf-life. Stabilizer: Helps maintain product integrity over time. Mild Antibacterial Properties: Adds a level of protection against bacteria on the skin. Note: Used in low concentrations (typically ≤1%) due to potential sensitivity in some individuals.
SODIUM COCOYL GLYCINATE	Derived from coconut oil (cocoyl) and glycine (an amino acid).	Gentle Cleanser: Mild surfactant that effectively cleanses without stripping natural oils. Skin-Friendly pH: Often pH-balanced to match skin’s natural acidity, reducing irritation. Foaming Agent: Provides a soft, creamy lather in cleansers and body washes. Moisturizing: Helps maintain hydration during cleansing.
COCAMIDOPROPYL BETAINE	Derived from coconut oil and dimethylaminopropylamine (a synthetic compound).	Mild Surfactant: Gently cleanses skin and hair without harshness. Foam Booster: Enhances foam in cleansers and shampoos. Skin Conditioning: Leaves skin feeling soft, not tight or dry. Stabilizer: Helps stabilize formulations and improve texture. Note: Although generally mild, it may cause sensitivity in some users with very reactive skin.
SODIUM CHLORIDE	Naturally occurs in sea salt or rock salt Also produced synthetically for cosmetic use	Thickening agent: Helps adjust the viscosity of formulations, especially in cleansers and shampoos Exfoliation (in scrubs): As sea salt, it provides mechanical exfoliation Stabilizer: Improves the texture and consistency of products Astringent properties: May help reduce oiliness when used appropriately
PEG-150 DISTEARATE	Derived from stearic acid (a fatty acid found in vegetable oils or animal fats) Ethoxylated (reaction with ethylene oxide) to create a water-soluble compound	Thickener and emulsifier: Stabilizes and thickens cleansing formulas (e.g., body washes, facial cleansers) Solubilizing agent: Helps oil- and water-based ingredients blend evenly Improves product feel: Contributes to a smooth, creamy texture without making the skin greasy
CITRIC ACID	Naturally found in citrus fruits (lemons, oranges) Commercially produced through fermentation of sugars	pH adjuster: Balances the acidity of a product to match skin’s natural pH Mild exfoliation: Acts as an AHA (alpha hydroxy acid) to gently slough off dead skin cells Brightening effect: Helps promote more even skin tone and radiance Antioxidant properties: Supports the skin against environmental damage
LAURYL GLUCOSIDE	Derived from natural sugars (typically glucose) and lauryl alcohol (from coconut or palm kernel oil)	Mild surfactant: Cleanses the skin gently without stripping moisture Biodegradable and non-irritating: Suitable for sensitive skin, baby products, and natural formulations Foaming agent: Helps generate a stable, creamy foam in cleansers Supports emulsification: Enhances the stability of oil-water mixtures
CARBOMER	Synthetic polymer made from acrylic acid Not naturally derived but widely used and considered safe in cosmetic formulations	Thickening agent: Provides gel-like consistency in lotions, serums, and gels Suspending agent: Keeps solid particles evenly distributed in a formulation Stabilizer: Enhances the texture and longevity of emulsions Non-comedogenic: Does not clog pores
METHYLPARABEN	Synthetic compound derived from para-hydroxybenzoic acid. Can also occur naturally in some fruits (e.g., blueberries), though commercial use is mostly synthetic.	Preservative: Prevents growth of harmful bacteria and mold, extending product shelf life. Product Stability: Helps maintain the integrity and safety of skincare formulations. Low Cost & Effective: Offers broad-spectrum antimicrobial protection at low concentrations.
SACCHAROMYCES LYSATE	Derived from yeast, specifically the lysate (broken down cell content) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.	Brightening: Helps reduce dullness and improve skin radiance. Hydration Boost: Enhances moisture retention and barrier function. Skin Renewal: Rich in amino acids, peptides, and enzymes that support cell regeneration. Antioxidant Protection: Helps protect against environmental damage.
VALINE	Naturally occurring essential amino acid found in soy, dairy, meat, and grains. Used in skincare as a component of amino acid complexes.	Moisturizing: Supports skin hydration and prevents transepidermal water loss. Barrier Support: Helps maintain and repair the skin barrier. Soothing Effect: May reduce irritation and support skin resilience.
THREONINE	Another essential amino acid obtained from plant and animal proteins (e.g., lentils, meat, dairy). Incorporated in skincare formulas for its skin-conditioning properties.	Skin Conditioning: Helps maintain smoothness and softness. Barrier Repair: Supports production of proteins like elastin and collagen. Hydration Support: Enhances moisture retention and overall skin texture.
GLUTAMIC ACID	Naturally occurring non-essential amino acid found in wheat, soy, and other protein-rich foods. Also produced synthetically for cosmetic use.	Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF): Helps maintain skin hydration. pH Balancer: Regulates acidity in formulations and on the skin. Soothing Properties: Can calm irritated or sensitive skin.
GLYCINE	Naturally occurring amino acid found in proteins, especially from gelatin, soy, and other plant-based proteins.	Hydration: Helps maintain skin moisture balance. Skin barrier support: Aids in strengthening the skin’s natural protective barrier. Soothing: Gentle on skin and can calm irritation. Anti-aging: Plays a role in collagen synthesis, promoting firmness and elasticity.
DISODIUM SUCCINATE	A sodium salt of succinic acid, which is derived from fermentation of sugar or glucose.	Energizing: Boosts cellular respiration, helping skin appear more revitalized. Anti-aging: Supports skin regeneration and may reduce the appearance of wrinkles. Soothing: Has mild anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for sensitive skin. pH balancing: Helps maintain an optimal pH in skincare formulations.
CAPRYLYL GLYCOL	Synthetic or naturally derived from caprylic acid (a fatty acid found in coconut oil and palm oil).	Moisturizing: Acts as a humectant and emollient, locking in moisture. Antimicrobial: Inhibits the growth of bacteria and yeast, often used as a preservative booster. Skin conditioning: Leaves skin soft and smooth without being greasy. Stabilizing: Helps improve product texture and shelf life.
GLYCERETH-26	A polyethylene glycol ether of glycerin (glycerin reacted with ethylene oxide). Derived from plant-based glycerin.	Humectant: Draws water into the skin, enhancing hydration. Solubilizer: Helps blend oil and water-based ingredients in formulations. Conditioning agent: Smooths and softens the skin. Non-greasy feel: Adds a silky texture without heaviness.
TRITICUM VULGARE (WHEAT) BRAN EXTRACT	Extracted from the outer layer (bran) of wheat kernels.	Rich in antioxidants: Contains ferulic acid and vitamin E, which protect against free radical damage. Moisturizing: Contains lipids and proteins that support the skin barrier. Brightening: May help improve skin tone and radiance. Anti-inflammatory: Soothes irritation and supports skin healing.
GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA EXTRACT	Derived from the root of the Glycyrrhiza glabra plant (licorice root).	Brightening: Contains glabridin, which inhibits melanin production and reduces hyperpigmentation. Anti-inflammatory: Soothes redness and calms irritated or sensitive skin. Antioxidant: Protects skin from environmental stressors and oxidative damage. Oil control: Helps balance sebum, especially beneficial for acne-prone skin.
DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL	A synthetic compound produced from propylene oxide, commonly used as a solvent and humectant.	Humectant: Attracts and retains moisture in the skin. Penetration enhancer: Helps active ingredients absorb more effectively. Solvent: Stabilizes and dissolves ingredients in formulations. Non-irritating: Gentle and safe for sensitive skin when used appropriately.
NONAPEPTIDE-1	Synthetic peptide composed of nine amino acids; also known as Melanostatine-5.	Skin brightening: Inhibits the action of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), reducing melanin production. Reduces hyperpigmentation: Helps fade dark spots, age spots, and uneven skin tone. Anti-aging: Supports even complexion and improved skin clarity. Safe alternative: Considered safer and less irritating than some chemical lighteners like hydroquinone.
ETHYLHEXYLG LYCERIN	Derived from glycerin and ethylhexanol (typically from plant-based or synthetic sources).	Preservative booster: Enhances the efficacy of preservatives, especially against bacteria. Mild antimicrobial: Has its own antibacterial and deodorizing properties. Skin conditioning: Acts as a gentle humectant and emollient. Non-irritating: Well-tolerated even by sensitive skin types.
PYRUS MALUS (APPLE) FIBER	Obtained from the fibrous material of apple pulp, especially from the fruit of Pyrus malus (apple tree).	Gentle exfoliation: Provides mild physical exfoliation to remove dead skin cells. Rich in polyphenols and antioxidants: Helps protect skin from oxidative stress. Improves texture: Smooths and refines the skin’s surface. Skin renewal support: Aids in stimulating cell turnover and radiance.
INOSITOL	Naturally found in whole grains, citrus fruits, beans, and nuts. In cosmetics, often derived from rice bran or synthesized.	Hydration: Helps improve moisture retention in the skin. Anti-aging: Supports cell membrane function and skin elasticity. Sebum Regulation: May help control oil production—beneficial for oily or acne-prone skin. Brightening: Supports even skin tone and texture improvement.
ELASTIN	Usually derived from animal connective tissue (e.g., fish or bovine sources). Some forms are hydrolyzed to improve skin absorption.	Firming & Elasticity: Helps support skin elasticity, making it appear firmer and more youthful. Moisture Retention: Acts as a humectant to bind water to the skin. Anti-aging: May reduce appearance of sagging or fine lines when combined with collagen or peptides.
HYDROXYPROLINE	An amino acid derived from collagen hydrolysate (usually animal-based, such as bovine or fish collagen). Can also be synthesized.	Collagen Booster: Promotes collagen synthesis, which supports skin firmness and smoothness. Elasticity Support: Enhances skin resilience and elasticity. Anti-aging: Reduces the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines.
POLYGLUTAMIC ACID	Naturally derived from fermentation of soybeans using Bacillus subtilis. Vegan and biodegradable.	Powerful Humectant: Holds up to 5,000 times its weight in water—more than hyaluronic acid. Skin Barrier Support: Strengthens and protects the outer skin layer. Improves Skin Texture: Smooths roughness and fine lines through deep hydration. Boosts Other Ingredients: Enhances absorption of other actives like vitamin C or HA.
ACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-8	Synthetic peptide developed from a sequence of proteins that mimic part of SNAP-25, a protein involved in muscle contraction.	“Botox-like” Effect: Helps reduce dynamic wrinkles by relaxing facial muscles. Fine Line Reduction: Particularly effective around the eyes and forehead. Non-invasive Alternative: Offers wrinkle-smoothing without injections. Fast-acting: Some studies show visible improvements in as little as 15–30 days.
ARGININE	Naturally occurring amino acid; derived from plant proteins (like soy or wheat) or synthesized through fermentation processes.	Hydration: Helps maintain skin moisture balance. Wound healing: Supports skin repair and regeneration. Anti-aging: Promotes collagen synthesis, improving skin firmness and elasticity. Antioxidant: Protects skin from free radical damage.
ALLANTOIN	Extracted from the comfrey plant or synthetically produced for skincare use.	Soothing: Calms irritation and reduces redness. Moisturizing: Helps retain water in the skin, improving softness. Healing: Encourages skin cell regeneration and speeds up wound healing. Exfoliating (mild): Promotes removal of dead skin cells.
ASCORBIC ACID POLYPEPTIDE	A derivative of Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) combined with peptides for enhanced stability and skin absorption.	Brightening: Helps reduce dark spots and promotes a more even skin tone. Collagen boosting: Stimulates collagen production for firmer skin. Antioxidant: Fights oxidative stress and environmental damage. Gentler alternative to pure Vitamin C: Less irritating, suitable for sensitive skin.
XANTHAN GUM	Natural thickener produced by fermentation of sugars (like glucose or sucrose) with the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris.	Stabilizer: Improves the texture and stability of skincare formulations. Hydration support: Forms a protective film that helps lock in moisture. Skin-conditioning: Enhances the smooth feel of products on the skin. Non-comedogenic: Does not clog pores.
CAPSICUM FRUTESCENS FRUIT EXTRACT	Derived from hot chili peppers (such as cayenne), Capsicum frutescens species.	Stimulating: Increases blood circulation, promoting a radiant complexion. Warming effect: Can be used in slimming or anti-cellulite formulations. Anti-inflammatory (in low concentrations): Helps soothe minor discomfort. Antioxidant: Contains capsaicin, which helps combat free radicals. Note: Must be used in low concentrations to avoid skin irritation.
CITRUS PARADISI (GRAPEFRUIT) FRUIT EXTRACT	Extracted from the fruit of the grapefruit (Citrus paradisi).	Antioxidant: Rich in vitamin C and flavonoids that protect against free radical damage. Astringent: Helps tighten pores and reduce excess oil. Brightening: Promotes a more even, radiant skin tone. Purifying: Has natural antibacterial properties; useful in acne-prone skincare. Note: Can be photosensitizing; best used in night products or with sun protection.
RUSCUS ACULEATUS ROOT EXTRACT (BUTCHER’S BROOM)	Derived from the root of the butcher’s broom plant (Ruscus aculeatus), native to Europe.	Microcirculation booster: Improves blood flow, reducing puffiness and dark circles. Anti-inflammatory: Calms irritation and soothes redness. Decongestant: Often used in eye creams and leg care to reduce swelling or heaviness. Vasoconstrictive: Helps tighten blood vessels, reducing visible veins or redness.
EQUISETUM ARVENSE EXTRACT	Extracted from the horsetail plant (Equisetum arvense), a silica-rich herb.	Firming: High in silica, which helps strengthen and tone the skin. Antioxidant: Protects skin from environmental damage. Wound healing: Assists in regeneration and repair of damaged skin. Astringent: Helps tighten skin and refine pores.
ASCORBYL METHYLSILANOL PECTINATE	A stabilized form of Vitamin C, bound with pectin (from fruits) and silanol (organic silicon derivative).	Brightening: Fades dark spots and evens skin tone. Collagen stimulation: Boosts collagen production to reduce fine lines and improve firmness. Antioxidant: Fights free radicals and protects against environmental stress. Hydrating: Supports water retention in the skin due to the presence of silanol.
METHYLSILANOL HYDROXYPROLINE ASPARTATE	A silicon-based derivative of hydroxyproline (a major component of collagen) and aspartic acid, used in advanced skin formulations.	Anti-aging: Helps maintain skin’s structure and elasticity by supporting collagen and elastin. Firming: Reinforces skin’s mechanical properties. Hydrating: Helps improve water-binding capacity of the skin. Skin renewal: Enhances cell turnover and tissue regeneration.
DIMETHYLSILANOL HYALURONATE	A hybrid molecule combining hyaluronic acid (biotechnologically produced) and dimethylsilanol (an organic silicon compound).	Hydrating: Deeply moisturizes and plumps the skin. Firming: Supports skin elasticity and firmness by enhancing the skin’s structural matrix. Anti-aging: Smooths fine lines and improves skin texture. Skin regeneration: Helps stimulate cell turnover and skin healing.
AMINOETHYLPHOSPHINIC ACID	A synthetic compound related to amino acids and organophosphorus compounds, used in advanced skin formulations.	Skin restructuring: Helps strengthen the skin barrier and improve resilience. Hydration balance: Supports water retention in the epidermis. Anti-inflammatory: Reduces irritation and supports calming of reactive skin. Collagen booster: May enhance dermal matrix support when paired with other actives.
PEG-35 CASTOR OIL	A polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivative of castor oil, chemically modified to increase solubility in water.	Emulsifier: Helps mix oil- and water-based ingredients in skincare formulas. Solubilizer: Improves texture and spreadability of products. Moisturizing: Provides light emollience without greasiness. Cleansing agent: Often used in cleansing oils and makeup removers.
PROPYLPARABEN	A synthetic preservative, part of the paraben family, derived from para-hydroxybenzoic acid.	Preservative: Prevents microbial growth, extending product shelf life. Broad-spectrum protection: Effective against bacteria, yeast, and mold. Stability enhancer: Helps maintain product integrity under various conditions. Note: Use is regulated in many regions due to potential concerns over long-term exposure; usually used in very low concentrations.
SILOXANETRIOL ALGINATE	A compound combining organic silicon (siloxanetriol) and alginates (natural polysaccharides derived from brown seaweed).	Skin firming: Reinforces skin elasticity and structure. Hydrating: Alginates help retain moisture in the skin. Soothing: Reduces inflammation and protects skin barrier. Remineralizing: Seaweed-based component nourishes skin with trace elements and minerals.
CAFFEINE	Naturally derived from coffee beans, tea leaves, guarana, and synthetic sources.	Reduces puffiness: Especially effective for under-eye bags by constricting blood vessels. Antioxidant properties: Helps protect skin from free radical damage. Improves circulation: Can give the skin a more awake, refreshed appearance. Temporarily tightens skin: Provides a firming effect, making skin look smoother.
ISONONYL ISONONANOATE	Synthetic ester formed from isononanoic acid and isononyl alcohol.	Emollient: Softens and smooths the skin without feeling greasy. Enhances spreadability: Gives a silky, lightweight texture to formulations. Improves product feel: Contributes to a non-oily, velvety skin finish.
CETEARYL OLIVATE	Derived from olive oil and cetearyl alcohol (a fatty alcohol).	Skin-conditioning agent: Moisturizes and softens the skin. Emulsifier: Helps blend oil and water ingredients in creams and lotions. Biomimetic: Mimics the skin’s natural lipid structure for better absorption and compatibility. Non-comedogenic: Suitable for sensitive and acne-prone skin.
PCA GLYCERYL OLEATE	Derived from glycerin, oleic acid (from vegetable oils), and PCA (pyrrolidone carboxylic acid)—a natural component of the skin’s NMF (Natural Moisturizing Factor).	Moisturizing: Restores and strengthens the skin’s natural moisture barrier. Skin-softening: Improves elasticity and texture. Mild surfactant and emulsifier: Helps cleanse the skin without stripping moisture. Biocompatible: Gentle and suitable for sensitive skin.
PEG-10 GLYCERYL STEARATE	Synthesized from glycerin and stearic acid (from plant or animal fats), modified with ethylene oxide.	Emulsifier: Stabilizes oil-in-water emulsions in skincare. Humectant: Helps draw moisture into the skin. Improves texture: Enhances the spread and consistency of creams and lotions. Mild and non-irritating: Suitable for sensitive skin when used in properly formulated products.
HYDROLYZED OAT PROTEIN	Derived from whole oats that are enzymatically or chemically hydrolyzed to break down the protein into smaller, water-soluble peptides.	Moisturizing: Forms a protective barrier that reduces transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Soothing: Helps calm irritation and redness, ideal for sensitive or reactive skin. Improves skin texture: Softens and smooths dry or rough areas. Strengthens skin barrier: Supports healthy skin function and repair.
DIMETHICONE	A synthetic silicone-based polymer derived from silica (sand).	Occlusive moisturizer: Forms a breathable barrier that locks in moisture. Smooths skin: Fills in fine lines and wrinkles temporarily for a silky texture. Protective: Shields skin from environmental stressors without clogging pores. Non-comedogenic: Well-tolerated by most skin types, including acne-prone skin.
HYDROXYETHYLPIPERAZINE ETHANE SULFONIC ACID	Synthetic buffering agent, originally developed for use in cell culture and pharmaceuticals.	pH adjuster: Maintains optimal pH in formulations to support skin health and efficacy of active ingredients. Gentle exfoliation support: Helps facilitate enzyme activity for mild, non-irritating exfoliation. Brightening: Indirectly promotes clearer, more even-toned skin by supporting skin renewal processes.
DIMETHYL ISOSORBIDE	Synthetic solvent derived from isosorbide, which in turn is obtained from glucose (sugar).	Solubilizer: Enhances the delivery and absorption of active ingredients into the skin. Stabilizer: Helps improve the shelf-life and effectiveness of sensitive ingredients (e.g., retinoids or AHAs). Non-irritating: Allows for deeper penetration of actives without increasing irritation risk.
CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE	Derived from coconut oil or palm kernel oil, composed of glycerin and medium-chain fatty acids (caprylic and capric acid).	Emollient: Smooths and softens skin, giving a silky after-feel. Moisture retention: Helps prevent water loss without clogging pores. Antioxidant support: Offers mild antioxidant properties to protect skin. Lightweight and non-greasy: Suitable for all skin types, including oily and acne-prone.
PHYTOSTEROLS	Naturally found in plants, especially soybeans, sunflower, canola, and avocados.	Anti-inflammatory: Helps calm and soothe irritated or sensitive skin. Moisturizing: Strengthens the skin barrier and helps retain hydration. Supports skin repair: Promotes regeneration of the skin’s lipid layer. Antioxidant: Protects against oxidative stress and environmental damage.
GLYCERYL STEARATE	A glycerin and stearic acid ester, derived from plant oils or animal fats (most commonly plant-based in cosmetics).	Emulsifier: Helps oil and water mix in creams and lotions. Skin-softening: Acts as an emollient, leaving skin smooth and hydrated. Improves texture: Gives a creamy, luxurious feel to skincare products. Non-comedogenic: Lightweight and suitable for most skin types.
TOCOPHERYL ACETATE	A stable, esterified form of Vitamin E, usually derived from vegetable oils.	Antioxidant: Protects skin cells from free radicals and UV damage. Moisturizing: Enhances skin’s moisture retention. Skin repair: Promotes healing and reduces the appearance of scars. Stabilizer: Helps extend the shelf life of formulations.
HYDROGENATED LECITHIN	Lecithin is typically extracted from soybeans, sunflower seeds, or eggs and then hydrogenated to increase stability.	Skin barrier support: Enhances lipid structure and improves skin’s protective function. Emollient and emulsifier: Moisturizes and helps create smooth emulsions. Delivery enhancer: Aids in the penetration of active ingredients. Biocompatible: Very gentle and well-tolerated, even for sensitive skin.
BISABOLOL	Naturally found in German chamomile (Matricaria recutita) or produced synthetically.	Anti-inflammatory: Calms redness, irritation, and sensitivity. Antibacterial: Helps reduce the risk of breakouts and supports wound healing. Soothing: Ideal for post-procedure or reactive skin. Enhances penetration: Improves the absorption of other ingredients.
GLYCYRRHIZA URALENSIS (LICORICE) ROOT EXTRACT	Extracted from the root of the Glycyrrhiza uralensis plant, a species of licorice commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine.	Brightening: Contains glabridin, which inhibits melanin production, reducing dark spots and hyperpigmentation. Anti-inflammatory: Soothes redness, irritation, and sensitivity. Antioxidant: Protects the skin from free radical damage. Anti-aging: Supports skin tone and clarity while calming inflammation.
PEG/PPG-14/7 DIMETHYL ETHER	A synthetic polyether compound, derived from ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.	Solvent and carrier: Enhances the delivery and effectiveness of active ingredients. Lightweight emollient: Provides a smooth, silky skin feel without greasiness. Cooling sensation: Often used to give a fresh, fast-absorbing effect.
POLYSORBATE 20	Derived from sorbitol (sugar alcohol) and lauric acid (often from coconut oil).	Emulsifier: Helps mix oil and water-based ingredients in formulations. Mild surfactant: Gently cleanses the skin without stripping natural oils. Stabilizer: Improves the consistency and shelf life of skincare products. Non-irritating: Suitable for sensitive or reactive skin types.
TRIPEPTIDE-1	A synthetic peptide that mimics naturally occurring skin repair signals.	Anti-aging: Stimulates collagen and glycosaminoglycan production for firmer, more elastic skin. Wound healing: Encourages skin regeneration and repair. Improves skin tone and texture: Reduces the appearance of fine lines and enlarged pores. Antioxidant activity: Protects skin from environmental damage.
HEXAPEPTIDE-9	A lab-synthesized six-amino-acid peptide used in anti-aging formulas.	Promotes collagen synthesis: Enhances skin firmness and elasticity. Reduces wrinkles: Helps diminish the depth and appearance of fine lines. Skin regeneration: Supports wound healing and tissue remodeling. Smooths skin texture: Leads to a plumper, more even complexion.
PALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-5	A synthetic peptide made by combining a tripeptide (three amino acids) with palmitic acid (a fatty acid from palm or coconut oil) for enhanced skin penetration.	Boosts collagen synthesis: Stimulates the production of collagen types I and III. Reduces wrinkles: Minimizes fine lines and sagging for firmer skin. Improves skin elasticity: Promotes a plump, youthful texture. Cell-communicating peptide: Mimics the body’s natural regenerative signals.
PALMITOYL PENTAPEPTIDE-4	Source: Synthetic peptide made from five amino acids linked to palmitic acid.	Anti-aging: Stimulates collagen and elastin production. Reduces fine lines and wrinkles: Visibly improves skin smoothness and firmness. Skin repair: Enhances the skin’s healing and regenerative capacity. Improves tone and texture: Helps achieve a more even, youthful appearance.
PALMITOYL TETRAPEPTIDE-7	A synthetic peptide of four amino acids, linked to palmitic acid for better skin absorption.	Anti-inflammatory: Reduces skin irritation and suppresses cytokine production. Fights glycation: Helps prevent skin aging caused by sugar-induced stiffness in collagen. Soothing and calming: Great for sensitive or redness-prone skin. Pairs well with Matrixyl: Often used together with palmitoyl pentapeptide-4 to maximize anti-aging effects.
HYDROXYETHYL ACRYLATE/SODIUM ACRYLOYLDIMETHYL TAURATE COPOLYMER	A synthetic copolymer used as a stabilizer and thickening agent in skincare products.	Rheology modifier: Enhances the texture, viscosity, and stability of formulas. Non-greasy film-former: Leaves a smooth, silky finish on the skin. Stabilizes emulsions: Keeps oil and water components blended. Hydration booster: Helps hold moisture on the skin’s surface.
POLYSORBATE 60	Derived from sorbitol (a sugar alcohol) and stearic acid (usually from vegetable fats).	Emulsifier: Helps mix oil and water in lotions and creams. Improves spreadability: Gives products a smooth, even application. Stabilizer: Prevents ingredient separation for longer shelf life. Mild and skin-friendly: Suitable for sensitive formulations.
SORBITAN ISOSTEARATE	An ester of sorbitol (sugar alcohol) and isostearic acid (usually derived from vegetable fats).	Emulsifier: Helps blend oil and water ingredients in creams and lotions. Skin-conditioning: Leaves skin feeling smooth and soft. Stabilizer: Improves product texture and prevents separation. Non-irritating: Gentle enough for sensitive skin.
GLYCINE SOJA (SOYBEAN) SEED EXTRACT	Extracted from soybean seeds (Glycine soja), rich in isoflavones and amino acids.	Antioxidant: Protects skin from free radical damage. Brightening: Helps reduce hyperpigmentation and even skin tone. Moisturizing: Contains proteins and lipids that help hydrate and soften the skin. Anti-aging: Phytoestrogens support collagen synthesis and elasticity.
RETINYL PROPIONATE	A milder, esterified form of retinol (Vitamin A), combined with propionic acid.	Anti-aging: Encourages cell turnover and collagen production. Less irritating: Gentler alternative to retinol, suitable for sensitive skin. Improves skin texture: Reduces appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and rough patches. Brightening: Helps fade age spots and improves skin radiance over time.
SEA WHIP EXTRACT	Marine-derived extract from Caribbean sea whip coral, a sustainable marine organism.	Potent anti-inflammatory: Reduces redness and irritation. Calming: Ideal for sensitive, rosacea-prone, or post-procedure skin. Antioxidant: Protects against environmental stress and aging. Supports skin barrier: Helps soothe and strengthen compromised skin.
DIPEPTIDE DIAMINOBUTYROYL BENZYLAMIDE DIACETATE	A synthetic peptide that mimics a component of temple viper venom.	Wrinkle reduction: Temporarily relaxes facial muscle contractions to smooth expression lines (like Botox). Anti-aging: Reduces fine lines and crow’s feet with regular use. Fast-acting: Noticeable tightening and smoothing effect. Non-invasive alternative to injectables: Used in topical anti-aging serums and creams.
CRITHMUM MARITIMUM CALLUS CULTURE FILTRATE	Biotechnologically obtained filtrate from sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum) plant stem cells or callus cultures.	Anti-aging: Stimulates cell renewal and helps smooth fine lines. Brightening: Promotes even skin tone and a radiant complexion. Hydrating: Improves moisture retention in the skin barrier. Antioxidant & soothing: Protects skin from oxidative stress and environmental aggressors.